# Virginia Budget Explorer

> Source-verified explorer of the Commonwealth of Virginia's general fund budget. Every figure is transcribed from official Virginia House Appropriations Committee documents and verified verbatim against its source page. By-area dollars are general fund. Data as of 2026-06-22.

## Headline totals
- FY2024-2026 (As adopted) GF spending: $63.7 billion — [Chapter 2 (2024), p. 8](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2024/2/2434/#page=8)
- FY2024-2026 (As amended) GF spending: $67.4 billion — [Chapter 725 (2025), p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- FY2026-2028 (As introduced) GF spending: $70.1 billion — [HB 30 (2026), p. 20](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=20)
- FY2026-2028 (As introduced) GF resources: $71.9 billion — [HB 30 (2026), p. 17](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=17)

## General fund spending by secretarial area (FY2024-2026, amended)
- Health & Human Resources: $20.9B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- K-12 Education: $20.3B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- Higher Education: $7.5B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- Public Safety & Veterans: $5.5B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- Finance: $3.7B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- Administration & Central Accounts: $2.8B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- Judicial & Other: $2.5B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- Commerce, Labor, Natural Resources & Agriculture: $2.4B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- Debt Service: $2.0B — [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)

## FY2026-2028 budget (HB 30) — enacted
- Status: Chapter (enacted) (2026 Special Session I), confirmed via the LIS Budget Portal on 2026-07-05.
- Operating budget, ALL FUNDS: $102.5B (FY2027) and $101.0B (FY2028) — [portal](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/BudgetPortalWebService/Budget.Bills.2.ListOfYearSessionBillNumberTypeSecretariat/2026/2/HB30/Chapter/).
- The by-area figures are general fund, HB 30 as introduced (Jan 2026). The enacted general-fund breakdown will appear when the House Appropriations Committee publishes its post-session overview.

## FY2026-2028 (HB 30) — key changes (general fund, as introduced)
- [Overall] $2.5B more than the current budget: "Measured against Chapter 725 operating expenses, this represents an increase of $2.5 billion over the biennium" ([p. 20](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=20))
- [Overall] $4.7B in net new spending: "HB 30, as introduced, includes a new amendments totaling a net of $4.7 billion of funding increases over the biennium" ([p. 22](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=22))
- [Overall] K-12 and HHS still dominate: "continue to dominate total spending with 65% of spending directed to these areas of government" ([p. 21](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=21))
- [K-12 Education] School construction grants nearly to $519M: "increasing the total grants available for the biennium from $360.0 million to $519.0 million" ([p. 24](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=24))
- [Health & Human Resources] Children's health insurance funded: "Includes spending of $29.6 million in FY 2027 and $55.2 million in FY 2028 for the children's health insurance programs (FAMIS and M-CHIP)" ([p. 23](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=23))
- [Health & Human Resources] DD Waiver rate increases: "to increase rates for certain DD Waiver services that were included in a rate study of services required pursuant to the Permanent Injunction" ([p. 23](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=23))
- [Commerce, Labor, Natural Resources & Agriculture] $144.1M for water quality: "$144.1 million for the Water Quality Improvement Fund and Agriculture Cost-Share program" ([p. 21](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=21))
- [Commerce, Labor, Natural Resources & Agriculture] $35M for biotech at UVA: "$35.0 million for the Institute for Biotechnology at UVA" ([p. 21](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=21))
- [Commerce, Labor, Natural Resources & Agriculture] $43.5M for local stormwater: "Proposes $43.5 million GF in FY 2027 for deposit in the Stormwater Local Assistance Fund" ([p. 25](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=25))
- [Public Safety & Veterans] More for inmate medical care: "Proposes an additional $28.9 million GF in FY 2027 and $30.8 million GF in FY 2028 to reflect increased estimated costs of providing medical care to inmates" ([p. 26](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=26))
- [Public Safety & Veterans] New Cardinal Disaster Relief Fund: "Proposes the establishment of the Cardinal Disaster Relief Fund with the Department of Emergency Management" ([p. 26](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf#page=26))
- [Judicial] Expand judicial video conferencing infrastructure: "Provides positions and funding to support the implementation and long-term maintenance of courtroom video conferencing technology infrastructure across the Commonwealth." ([p. 46](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=46))
- [Executive Offices] New staff for the Children's Ombudsman: "Provides funding and two positions for a data analyst and a deputy director for the Office of the Children's Ombudsman." ([p. 63](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=63))
- [Commerce, Labor, Natural Resources & Agriculture] Expanded hemp enforcement: "Appropriates nongeneral funds to expand the department’s hemp enforcement activities. It is anticipated that the department will hire additional inspector and compliance positions, implement a product sampling program, and work more closely with local law enforcement to investigate and prosecute violations of Virginia law." ([p. 91](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=91))
- [K-12 Education] $299M more for school construction grants: "In total, $299.0 million of additional state support is provided for grants to local school boards to support the construction, expansion, or modernization of public school buildings." ([p. 118](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=118))
- [Health & Human Resources] Ends automatic inflation for Medicaid providers: "Eliminates the automatic inflation adjustments that would have been provided for hospitals, freestanding psychiatric facilities, disproportionate share hospitals payments, graduate medical education payments, nursing facilities, and any other provider rates for fiscal years 2027 and 2028." ([p. 216](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=216))
- [Commerce, Labor, Natural Resources & Agriculture] Hampton Roads nutrient removal funding: "Provides funding to complete support for the Hampton Roads Sanitation District Boat Harbor Treatment Plant project through the Enhanced Nutrient Removal Certainty program." ([p. 255](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=255))
- [Public Safety & Veterans] More support for State Police operations: "Provides additional general fund support to cover increased personnel and equipment costs." ([p. 279](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=279))
- [Transportation] Port Authority terminal expansion: "Provides additional nongeneral fund appropriation to continue efforts required to keep facilities operating at optimum efficiency especially during construction elsewhere on the port terminals." ([p. 299](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=299))
- [Administration & Central Accounts] New 2026 capital construction pool: "Provides funding for the construction or acquisition of capital projects at agencies and institutions of higher education. Funding for 15 projects is pooled together centrally and subject to the capital pool process in Section 2.2-1515 et. seq, Code of Virginia." ([p. 317](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf#page=317))

## Policy quotes
- [Spending priorities] "Spending in the areas of K-12 and Health and Human Resources represents 62% of the state's total biennial operational budget." — An Overview of Virginia's Biennial Budget FY 2024-2026, [p. 8](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2024/2/2434/#page=8)
- [General Fund spending] "Chapter 2 includes general fund spending totaling $63.7 billion over the biennium with $31.8 billion in FY 2025 and $32.0 billion in FY 2026 in operating expenditures." — An Overview of Virginia's Biennial Budget FY 2024-2026, [p. 8](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2024/2/2434/#page=8)
- [Health & Human Resources] "Children's Services Act (CSA) Forecast. Adds $37.0 million in FY 2025 and $63.3 million in FY 2026 for estimated caseload and cost increases in CSA." — Overview of Virginia's Budget for FY 2024-2026 (Chapter 725), [p. 9](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/#page=9)
- [Where the money goes] "51.1% of general fund appropriations are for K-12 and Medicaid" — Virginia in Focus: Budget and Outcomes for Core Government Areas, [p. 17](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Virginia-In-Focus-PRINT.pdf#page=17)
- [Concentration of spending] "The top 10 general fund appropriations total $24.4 billion, or 72.3% of the general fund budget" — Virginia in Focus: Budget and Outcomes for Core Government Areas, [p. 17](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Virginia-In-Focus-PRINT.pdf#page=17)
- [Where the money comes from] "The personal income tax provides about 63% of General Fund revenues" — Virginia in Focus: Budget and Outcomes for Core Government Areas, [p. 17](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Virginia-In-Focus-PRINT.pdf#page=17)
- [Data centers] "Conference Report includes Part 3 language - applicable for this biennium only - establishing a rate of $0.011/kWh of all electricity consumed at each data center per month" — HB 30 Conference Report (FY 2026-2028 Biennial Budget), [p. 5](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Conference-Report-Summary-Presentation.pdf#page=5)
- [Data centers] "Annual revenue collections are capped at $600 million per year" — HB 30 Conference Report (FY 2026-2028 Biennial Budget), [p. 5](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Conference-Report-Summary-Presentation.pdf#page=5)
- [Tax relief] "Reflects revenue reduction of $51.0 million in the first year and $120.0 million in the second year to reflect increasing the standard deduction" — HB 30 Conference Report (FY 2026-2028 Biennial Budget), [p. 6](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Conference-Report-Summary-Presentation.pdf#page=6)
- [Economy] "Unemployment has been rising in Virginia and its regions since the beginning of 2025 with statewide unemployment reaching 3.5% in September from 3% in January 2025." — Virginia in Focus: Budget and Outcomes for Core Government Areas, [p. 12](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Virginia-In-Focus-PRINT.pdf#page=12)

## Sources
- [An Overview of Virginia's Biennial Budget FY 2024-2026](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2024/2/2434/) — House Appropriations Committee Staff, 100 pp, as of 2024-05-31
- [Overview of Virginia's Budget for FY 2024-2026 (Chapter 725)](https://budget.lis.virginia.gov/sessionreport/2025/1/2467/) — House Appropriations Committee Staff, 79 pp, as of 2025-05-19
- [An Overview of Virginia's Biennial Budget for FY 2026-2028 (HB 30, as introduced)](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-Summary-Document-1-8-2026.pdf) — House Appropriations Committee Staff, 107 pp, as of 2026-01-14
- [HB 30 Conference Report (FY 2026-2028 Biennial Budget)](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Conference-Report-Summary-Presentation.pdf) — House Appropriations Committee Staff, 68 pp, as of 2026-06-22
- [Virginia in Focus: Budget and Outcomes for Core Government Areas](https://hac.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Virginia-In-Focus-PRINT.pdf) — House Appropriations Committee Staff, 81 pp, as of 2026-01-15
- [The 2026 Executive Budget Document: Commonwealth of Virginia 2026-2028 Biennial Budget and Amendments to the 2025 Appropriation Act](https://dpb.virginia.gov/budget/buddoc26/BudgetDocument.pdf) — Virginia Department of Planning and Budget, 651 pp, as of 2025-12-17

## Data
- [Machine-readable dataset](data/budget.json)
- [Per-data-point verification report](data/validation.json) — 85 figures and quotes checked against source